Enron and Corporate Ethics Essay

On December 2, 2001, Enron Corporation, then the seventh largest publicly traded corporation in the United States, declared bankruptcy. That bankruptcy saw thousands of Enron employees and shareholders losing their jobs and their investments. Enron’s fall sent shockwaves to all corners of the business world. A Fortune 400 company with all the appearances of stability and corporate soundness, the company’s collapse was unthinkable. For here was a company who grew by leaps and bounds in so short a time – a company who came from obscurity to national prominence as the world’s largest in terms of revenue. But like anything else if it is too good to be true it probably is. Unlike most bankruptcies which are caused by poor management and stiff competition, Enron’s demise appears simple enough: individual and collective greed. It was shameless greed that motivated company officials to dupe thousands of honest individuals out of their hard earned money – money that ran up to billions (Nakayama, 2002). The scam was unearthed just like any other scam – when people start getting suspicious. Enron was generating a lot of revenues – it was a smokescreen that allowed the company to attract more investors. While revenue generation was at record highs, profit was scant and minimal – a fact many people overlooked until it was too late. Enron’s mirage was selling the same things over and over and over again. The illusion was the company was generating this much sales but the reality was there was barely any profit made. Like everything else in hindsight, it is now clear that tell tale signs were all over Enron’s 2000 Annual Report. Still questions remain as to how a company that paraded its own Code of Ethics be so shamelessly unethical, a corporation that prides itself as having a reputation for â€Å"fairness and honesty† be so downright ruthless, callous and arrogant. Beyond the dollars and cents, the Enron debacle offers a new textbook example of failed ethics in business (Berenbeim, 2002). ENRON’s 2000 Annual Report – Warning signs Most of the investigation on Enron’s finances has focused on its balance sheet—it reported an otherworldly increase in revenue: Between 1996 and 2000, Enron reported an increase in sales from $13. billion to $100. 8 billion – a 57% five-year sales growth rate. The company more than doubled its reported sales between 1999 and 2000. Looking back then, this was a sign that the company appeared too good to be true. Before it declared bankruptcy, Enron said it was on track to double revenue again the next year. Had it done so, it would have become the second-largest corporation in the world in terms of sales. According to Forbes. com, Enron’s reported revenue was based on its exploitation of a loophole in accounting rules – a tactic that may have been legal, but few investors understood it (Ackman, 2002). Forbes. com goes on to say that Enron earned more than 90% of its revenue from a business it calls â€Å"wholesale services,† Enron’s euphemism for trading. Here is how its 2000 annual report describes that activity: â€Å"Enron builds wholesale businesses through the creation of networks involving selective asset ownership, contractual access to third-party assets and market-making activities. † Yet again, another warning sign. Footnotes in the annual report for 2000, also show hints of the hidden debt that pushed the company into bankruptcy. According to Businessworld, a footnote on â€Å"preferred stock† indicates that if Enron’s share price were to fall below $48. 55–which first occurred on June 14–the company would be obliged to issue stock to a partnership called Whitewing Associates (Tergesen, A. 2002). Other footnotes reveal similar arrangements. True, Enron never put a dollar value on its potential obligations, and the footnotes did not divulge the extent of the partnerships. But enough was revealed to suggest that investors were not getting a full view of the company’s finances. Enron and its Code of Ethics Enron trumpeted its own Code of Ethics, but based upon investigation by the U. S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, it willfully and shamelessly violated the very code it promised to upheld (U. S Subcommittee on Investigations, 2002). In its decision, the Subcommittee cited, among others, the following: (1) Fiduciary Failure. The Enron Board of Directors failed to safeguard Enron shareholders and contributed to the collapse of the seventh largest public company in the United States, by allowing Enron to engage in high risk accounting, inappropriate conflict f interest transactions, extensive undisclosed off-the-books activities, and excessive executive compensation. The Board witnessed numerous indications of questionable practices by Enron management over several years, but chose to ignore them to the detriment of Enron shareholders, employees and business associates. (2) High Risk Accounting. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting practices (Thomas, 2002). (3) Inappropriate Conflicts of Interest. Despite clear conflicts of interest, the Enron Board of Directors approved an unprecedented arrangement allowing Enron’s Chief Financial Officer to establish and operate the LJM private equity funds which transacted business with Enron and profited at Enron’s expense. The Board exercised inadequate oversight of LJM transaction and compensation controls and failed to protect Enron shareholders from unfair dealing. (4) Extensive Undisclosed Off-The-Books Activity. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to conduct billions of dollars in off-the-books activity to make its financial condition appear better than it was and failed to ensure adequate public disclosure of material off-the-books liabilities that contributed to Enron’s collapse. 5) Excessive Compensation. The Enron Board of Directors approved excessive compensation for company executives, failed to monitor the cumulative cash drain caused by Enron’s 2000 annual bonus and performance unit plans, and failed to monitor or halt abuse by Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kenneth Lay of a company-financed, multi-million dollar, personal credit line. (6) Lack of Independence. The independence of the Enron Board of Directors was compromised by financial ties between the company and certain Board members. The Board lso failed to ensure the independence of the company’s auditor, allowing Andersen to provide internal audit and consulting services while serving as Enron’s outside auditor. Conclusion While Enron’s officials were caught and brought before the bars of justice, many wonder how widespread the lack of corporate ethics is in the business world. Greed they say is universal. Who knows what will be the next Enron. As long as there are CEOs, CFOs who disregard the simplest form of business decorum there will always be an Enron story. Let’s hope that people will not forget that story and profit from it.

Free Worship Leader Resources Essays

Free Worship Leader Resources Essays Free Worship Leader Resources Paper Free Worship Leader Resources Paper Licensing Information This book is licensed for your personal use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form except in case of brief quotations or book reviews. Please note that much of this publication is based on personal experience and anecdotal evidence. Although the author has made every reasonable attempt to achieve complete accuracy of the content in this book, the author assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions and shall not be liable for any loss or damage if any caused either directly or indirectly by the information mentioned in this book. Any trademarks, service marks, product names or named features are assumed to be the property of their respective owners, and are used only for reference. There is no implied endorsement if these terms are used anywhere in this book. All rights reserved worldwide. ISBN: 978-1-300-09862-1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3. 0 Unported License. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BIBLE READING AND STUDY PRAYER / DEVOTIONAL / SPIRITUAL GROWTH WORSHIP TRAINING MUSICIAN RESOURCES SONGWRITING AUDIO RECORDING amp; EDITING WORSHIP PROJECTION SOFTWARE IMAGE AND VIDEO BACKGROUNDS WORSHIP PLANNING WORSHIP MAGAZINES ABOUT THE AUTHOR Introduction Let? s face it. Worship ministry can be expensive. We buy CDs, DVDs, attend seminars, subscribe to magazines, sign-up for webinars/podcasts, pay for planning tools, training conferences etc. : All of which can burn substantial holes in our wallets. Not to forget most online resources are from the US or the UK and a „reasonable price? in these countries is way beyond the boundaries of affordability for the rest of us! I live in India and face this all the time. So it is kind of a necessity for me to keep hunting for genuinely affordable resources. This is how I came to realize the Internet is a treasure trove of free tools that can be used for personal or ministerial growth. This book is a list of many such resources that I have discovered and used, compiled in an easy-to-access manner. My prayer is that this book saves you searching time amp; effort and proves to be of practical use in taking your worship to the next level. Here we go! Gangai Victor Bible Reading and Study 1. e-Bible offers reading plans, concordances, commentaries and dictionaries apart from the facility to take notes, highlight verses and provide multiple translations. ebible. com/ 2. Bible. is is a great resource to read and listen to the entire Bible for free with features like podcasts, verses via SMS, twitter feed apart from a cool Facebook app, which facilitates group reading/study of the Word too. ttp://www. bible. is/ 3. Blue Letter Bible is a rich resource, offering a searchable Bible with study tools, multiple translations, devotionals and commentaries apart from a dedicated section of resources for women in ministry. blueletterbible. org/ 4. The Walking Bible project helps us memorize verses of the Bible by tagging them to music and pictures. Users get to select preferred verses to memorize by topic or from any book in the Bible. walkingbible. com/ 5. My Study Bible provides an online Bible packed with features like word study, video player, commentary, dictionary and more. ttp://www. mystudybible. com/ 6. USCCB Bible is an online Catholic Bible provided by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). For those who wish to read a modern translation of the deuterocanonical books, which are not found in non-Catholic Bibles, this is a must-have resource. usccb. org/bible/index. cfm 7. Biblia. com is another cool online Bible resource created by the same folks who built the greatly popular Logos Bible Software. It offers lots of different translations and facilitates the use of the Bible side-by- ide with related reference books in an extremely contemporary interface. http://biblia. com/ 8. The Complete Bible Genealogy is a resource of immense value when we want to study specific persons in the Bible. It provides details of a whopping 3087 persons in the Bible including family trees and verse links! The content is neatly organized under heads like Every Person in the Bible, Genealogy of Jesus and Kings of Judah, Israel. complete-bible-genealogy. com/ 9. Bible Study Tools is a comprehensive Scripture resource with top notch features like search from 3 9. Bible versions, online Bible reading plans, access to parallel Bibles, concordances, commentaries, dictionaries, encyclopedias, lexicons in Greek amp; Hebrew, topical studies, sermon illustrations and more! biblestudytools. com/ 10. Biblios provides parallel Bibles, concordance, dictionary, encyclopedia, devotions, commentaries, atlas, lexicon, original language tools and more. http://biblos. com/ Prayer / Devotional / Spiritual Growth 11. Go Tandem is built on the sound premise that daily engagement with the Bible is essential for spiritual growth. Once we fill up a spiritual growth assessment questionnaire and choose topics of interest or struggle, Go Tandem will send relevant Biblical text and voice content via email and SMS giving us a personalized experience of walking with God? s Word daily to become more like Jesus. The customized content is designed to help us hear/read God? s Word along with short chal enging reflections leading to a response to His Word by identifying areas of change in our lives and relationships. Go Tandem can even arrange for a one-time or weekly call to see how we are doing and pray with us! ttps://gotandem. com/ 12. The Daily Examen is a PDF published by Busted Halo. It? s a concise Ignatian Daily Examen tool that teaches us a method of daily introspective prayer that involves a 6-step process. Alternate download link: http://bit. ly/O6goLN 13. Other6 is a community dedicated to help each other find God at all times in all things. It? s a place for people to share where and how, they find and experience God? s presence beyond Sunday i. e. the other 6 days of the week. According to the site Ignatius of Loyola, the 16th-century founder of the Jesuits, devised an examination of consciousness† a prayerful review of the day intended to help people recognize where they were finding, or needing to find, God in their lives. Other6 takes the essence of this centuries-old practice of the Examen and adapts it for today’s Internet-driven world by posing two questions: â€Å"Where have you found God today? † and â€Å"Where do you need to find God today? † other6. com 14. Examen. me is a user-friendly online service providing a unique approach to personal prayer and Bible study. Each study is called an examen, which we can use to read, study, meditate and interact with God t our own pace. Also included is a handy journal, in which we can jot down notes for later reference. There are 2 types of Examens: Scripture Examens and Prayer Examens. The site also provides an export option to search for completed examens and download them in PDF for offline reading. examen. me/ 15. Prayerity is an online prayer journal for individuals, churches, and missionaries. Apart from being a private journal, it can also facilitate us to connect and pray for each other. http://prayerity. com/ 16. I am Second is a unique online video ministry that aims to inspire people to live for God and for others. You? ll find lots of video stories of different kinds of people actors, athletes, musicians, business leaders, drug addicts etc. that will provide great insights into dealing with the struggles of daily life and keeping God first and self second. iamsecond. com/ 17. Operation World has a fantastic section providing lots of free ebooks that will help enhance our prayer lives. Some of the books include â€Å"Cat amp; Dog Theology†, â€Å"The Fasting Journey†, â€Å"How to Use the Bible in Prayer†, â€Å"Praying for the Poor† and many more! operationworld. rg/free-prayer-enhancing-resources 18. X3Watch is a free accountability software, which will send an email to a person of your choice (an accountability partner) with details of the sites that you browse. This will help curb the urge to visit inappropriate sites. x3watch. com/x3watchfreebuy. html Worship Training 19. Worship Central Course is a free worship ministry training program offered by Worship Central, a ministry run by people like Tim Hughes! Material includes text of the talk, notes and PowerPoint for every session apart from a course guide. orshipcentral. org/course/ 20. Student Worship Training Package is a free training package from Church Leaders that contains tips on crafting an entire worship service to reinforce the big idea, training for emcees, promotion video links etc. churchleaders. com/? news=145332/ 21. Worship Leader Training by Samuel Lane offered via Experiencing Worship. Lots of concepts are covered in this series of articles. Topics include worship heart, prayer amp; preparation, practicalities, song lists, dynamics, leading a band and song selection. experiencingworship. om/articles/general/2005-9-Worship-Leader-Training. html 22. Worship Leading Essentials, an ebook by Scot Longyear is full of awesome reference material and tips for worship leaders. http://ebookbrowse. com/worship-leading-essentials-scot-longyear-pdf-d306330665 23. Worship Training is one of the foremost training resources available online. They offer some sessions for free. Free media includes topics like a. Drum Setup: Make The Kit Fit b. Drums In Worship c. How To Mentor Other Worship Leaders amp; Musicians (Webinar) d. How To Create A Healthy Balance Between â€Å"Structure† And â€Å"Free Flow† (Webinar) e. How To Lead A Great Worship Band Rehearsal (Webinar) f. Working Together As Vocalists g. Use Technology To Aid You As A Worship Leading h. Spontaneity In Worship and many more! http://goo. gl/1yMLt 24. A Worship Leader’s Handbook, an ebook by Josiah Oslund is a brief exploration of the personal, interpersonal and practical application of modern music ministry. It is written to be a brief and accessible reference handbook filled with thoughts, tips and technical tricks including topics like how to manage flaky artists and tech teams, how to deal with criticism, tips on getting started with songwriting, nderstanding your ministry context and much more. http://josiaho. com/book 25. Next Level Worship Leading is a worship leader e-course by David Santistevan. The course is a systematic weekly tutorial on important concepts of worship ministry. davidsantistevan. com/nlwl/ 26. Worship Workshop by Don Moen, Lenny Leblanc amp; Team: There are 2 free downloads in MP3 format: a. Qualities of a worship leader/musician a session by Don Moen on topics like being yourself off and on the stage, caring for people, encouraging participation, earning trust, avoiding redictability, submitting to authority etc. b. Worship Band Workshop the 2nd session is a demo of concepts like playing a worship song, sound-check, maintaining flow etc. breaking down the roles of the drums, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass and keyboard in worship. votivepraise. com/2012/04/don-moen. html 27. WorshipGod11 training sessions are offered as free downloads by Bob Kauflin at WorshipMatters. Sessions available are: a. Putting Songs Together – Bob Kauflin b. Making Room for the Spirit? s Leading – Pat Sczebel c. Thinking Surgically While Leading Liturgically – Jamie Brown . The Benefits and Limits of Creativity – Bob Kauflin e. Bringing Order Out of Chaos – Ken Boer f. Worshiping a Big God in a Small Church – Pat Sczebel g. Building and Caring for a Tech Team, PT1 – Dave Wilcox h. Building and Caring for a Tech Team, PT2 – Dave Wilcox 28. Worship Leader Online gives away 2 of their many worship leader training eBooks for free: a. Arranging Hymns for a Modern Church has pointers to incorporate traditional hymns into contemporary worship. b. How to Lead Worship in a Small Church offers tips on doing just that. Musician Resources 29. StrumSchool is an online guitar learning website for beginners that teaches basic guitar playing concepts using video and text tutorials. The lessons are structured in an accessible manner especially for beginners. strumschool. com/ 30. Guitar and Bass is a free desktop software for fretted instruments like Guitar, Bass, Banjo and Mandolin. It has the ability to add new instruments and tunings too. It provides scale/chord/interval references, exercises, tablature viewer/editor, ear training exercises, tuner, audio samples from real guitars, chord finder and an advanced metronome. You can plug in your instrument while practising too. guitar-and-bass-software. com 31. Justin Guitar (JUSTIN = Just Use Sound To Improve Now) is an amazing website for guitarists with over 500 free lessons including courses for beginners apart from intermediate and advanced players. Some of the topics covered are basic skills, rhythm, scales, chords, gear, recording, arpeggios and much much more! http://justinguitar. com/ 32. Guitar Praise run by Kenny Gohweizhi has tutorials for electric, bass and acoustic guitars covering many of todays popular praise and worship songs. ttp://guitarpraise. blogspot. in/ 33. For Your Glory by Graham and Daniel Choo has hundreds of worship song tutorials and more are being added regularly. Youll find a tutorial for almost any popular worship song here. http://grahamchoo. blogspot. com/2007/08/christian-music-instructional. html 34. Worship Tutorials is a song tutorial resource run by Brian Wahl containing tons of guitar tutorial videos for popular worship songs. This site also provides song videos to play along apart from chord charts. http://worshiptutorials. com/ 35. Piano in Contemporary Worship This is a 3 part series of video tutorials taught by Bob Kauflin covering just about every important concept for the modern worship keyboardist: a. The first video session covers melody, rhythm, harmony, groove, whole notes, dynamics and practise tips. b. The second session contains tips on playing with a band, fills, using the left hand and acoustic piano vs. electric keyboard. c. The third video has concepts like chord coloring, inversions, playing hymns, developing chords, vocabulary, introductions, transitions, playing behind the speaker and modulations. 36. Transposr is a free and handy online app providing transposing services for chord charts and MP3 files. Simply upload MP3 files, choose a key and Transposr will transpose the MP3 to that key. It can do the same thing to chord charts if you upload them as text files too. Great resource for rehearsals! http://transposr. com/ 37. MixMeister BPM Analyzer is a neat desktop tool to identify the tempo of worship songs. Once the program is installed, select the folder where you store music files, based on which BPM Analyzer will calculate extremely accurate BPM, display amp; sort files by Title, Artist, or BPM, update ID3 tags with xact BPM information, print BPM reports and export BPM counts for use in other programs. mixmeister. com/ 38. Open Metronome is an open source metronome for Windows and Windows Mobile. Its features include user definable BPM amp; measure, visual indicator, hot-keys, 40 MIDI voices, custom rhythm patterns etc. http://sourceforge. net/projects/openmetronome/ 39. Chords! Online is an online harmony recognition service. Simply upload the MP3 of the song (maximum file size limit of 8 MB), provide an email ID and thats it. An automatic email will be sent onfirming the song upload and then another one once the chords are mapped. Post the upload, it takes about 3 to 10 minutes to complete the entire process. http://chords. fm/ 40. Audio Pitch amp; Shift is a neat free program to help musicians learn difficult parts of a song such as complex guitar solos by slowing down the speed of playback without affecting the pitch. The app can also detect the BPM of a song, loop-playback a specific segment of a song etc. http://audiops. codeplex. com/ Songs, Lyrics and Chords 41. Worship Together is a ministry to discover new songs, video tutorials, chord charts by songwriters like Chris Tomlin, Hillsong UNITED, Tim Hughes, Passion, Matt Maher, Christian Stanfill, Brenton Brown etc. Songs are indexed by theme, tempo, genre etc. for easy search. http://worshiptogether. com/ 42. Kingsway? s website gives away a free new song with chord chart every week. The site also has a database of lyrics of almost all songs released under the Kingsway label (classics and new songs) searchable by title, lyrics, author and theme. kingsway. co. uk/ 43. FreeCCM is an information base of the latest Christian music happenings apart from a source of free- o-download songs every week. http://freeccm. com/ 44. Chordbook is a flash-based site that displays guitar strings with an interface to select the chord you want to play, based on which it automatically places visual circles on the guitar strings to help you learn the right placement for your fingers to play that chord. Clicking the strum button play the selected chord to get an idea of how the chord actually sounds like. Also features alternate tunings, capo mode, left and right hand playing, chord search and chord inversions. chordbook. com/ 45. Chord Chart for Keyboard / Piano from Key Sheet Music is a comprehensive PDF containing diagrams of every chord shape commonly used by keyboardists / pianists. With hundreds of the most popular chords to choose from, this book will give you the help you need to develop and progress in your piano playing skills more quickly. keysheetmusic. com/media/bookstore/pianoandkeyboardchords/pianoandkeyboardchords. pd f 46. Tabster is an easy to use simple guitar tab manager program that stores guitar tabs in a local library for easy viewing, editing, and printing. It comes with a built-in browser that enables searching of the tabs vailable in the Ultimate Guitar website, easily download them and add them to a local library. You can also create your own tabs and upload them to the Internet. nateshoffner. com/projects/ 47. Worship Archive is a simple website to find chords for all kinds of worship songs. The site also features a transpose tool to instantly get the chords of a song in your preferred key. worshiparchive. com/ 48. Worship Swap is a community of Christian musicians who share worship song chord charts. There? s a wide variety of songs available here to learn your favorite worship song. Apart from chords, members also share video tutorials. http://worshipswap. com 49. e-Chords is another cool resource to find worship song lyrics and chords. Registration as a member gives you access to all available song chords and enables you to upload songs into its database, create songbooks and receive preferred chords by email. e-chords. com/ 50. Ultimate Guitar is a fantastic site to search for bass and guitar tabs apart from chords. You? ll find multiple versions of chords/tabs for many songs, which should catch the fancy of advanced musicians. ultimate-guitar. com/ 51. The Guitar Hymn Book is yet another useful chords site with a unique feature: finger-style tabs for many hymns! Chords for tons of hymns are available here. Classical guitarists and hymn lovers should love this one. http://guitarhymnbook. com/ 52. SlowMP3 is a musician-friendly music player with 3 unique features: a. A â€Å"Speed† control er to slow down the playback speed – useful to figure out the notes of a solo. b. A â€Å"Transpose† controller to transpose the key up to 6 steps lower or 5 steps higher. c. A â€Å"Transcribe† button which highlights the notes being played on a virtual keyboard, to help igure out the chords. rinki. net/pekka/slowmp3/ Songwriting 53. VersePerfect is without doubt, the most powerful PC freeware for song/poetry writing. Includes a text editor, rhyming dictionary, Hyperbolic Thesaurus, connection to online resources and more to translate your lyric ideas to finished songs. http://bryantmcgill. com/books/rhyming-dictionary 54. Becoming a Better Songwriter is a series of teachings on songwriting provided as free MP3 downloads by Bob Kauflin. Topics covered are: a. Becoming a Better Songwriter – Mark Altrogge, Steve amp; Vikki Cook b. How to Revise Your Own Song – Steve Cook c. Principles of Songwriting – Stuart Townend d. What the Psalms Teach us About Songwriting – Mark Altrogge, Steve amp; Vikki Cook e. What Will Your Next Song Be? Writing Songs on Purpose – Mark Altrogge, Steve amp; Vikki Cook f. Why God Wants You to Write Songs – Mark Altrogge g. Writing Songs People Will Want to Sing – Craig Dunnagan h. Recording Your Song from Start to Finish, Part 1 – Sal Oliveri i. Recording Your Song from Start to Finish, Part 2 – Sal Oliveri 55. WorshipGod11 training sessions on songwriting are also available for download at Worship Matters: a. Practicing and Planning Creativity (for songwriters) – Mark Altrogge, Steve amp; Vikki Cook b. Before and After – The Evolution of a Song – Mark Altrogge, Steve amp; Vikki Cook c. What Makes These Songs Great? – Steve amp; Vikki Cook d. Worshiping God When Your World is Shaking – Craig Cabaniss 56. Songwriting Critique amp; Checklist Forms are available as PDF downloads at â€Å"My Song in the Night†, a blog by Bobby amp; Kristen Gilles of Sojourn Music. http://mysonginthenight. com/2012/07/23/get-your-free-songwriting-critique-form -checklist-form-here/ 57. Rhyme Brain claims to rhyme any word using advanced linguistics and statistics to search over 2. 6 million words! Apart from the rhyming dictionary, Rhyme Brain also provides other songwriting tools like invent-a-word, alliteration aid, an online text editor, a de-wordifier and a pronunciation helper. http://rhymebrain. com/en 58. B-Rhymes is what you need when you? re looking for false/imperfect rhymes. It helps you find near sounding words, so you don? t always have a line ending with „sing? followed by a line ending with „king? – it basically helps avoid lyrical cliches. It outputs words that sound good together even though they dont technically rhyme as well as perfect rhymes. b-rhymes. com/ 59. RhymeZone combines a regular rhyming dictionary with an option to find imperfect rhymes. It also helps find synonyms, antonyms, definitions, homophones, similar sounding words, consonants, related words, words with similar spellings, words with matching letters, etc. rhymezone. com/ Audio Recording amp; Editing 60. Audio Recording Guide is a free ebook to understand audio recording, the music business and the entire music production process. udiorecording. me/music-production-ebook-in-home-audio-recording-mixing-and- mastering. html 61. Audacity is the most famous free digital audio editor program out there. Allows recording / importing audio, post-recording processing, multi-track mixing, effects, plug-ins, pitch and tempo edits and more. Audacity is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. audacity. sourceforge. net/ 62. Linux MultiMedia Studio (LMMS) is available for the Linux, OpenBSD, and Microsoft Windows operating systems. Comes with a song editor, beat amp; baseline editor, piano roll, multiple instruments, MIDI and fruity-loops import etc. Supports LADSPA and VST plugins too. http://lmms. sourceforge. net/ 63. Wavosaur is a free sound editor, audio editor, wav editor software for editing, processing and recording sounds, wav and mp3 files. Wavosaur can edit audio (cut, copy, paste, etc. ), produce music loops, analyze, record and batch convert files. It supports VST plugins, ASIO driver, multichannel wav files and real time effect processing. The program has no installer and doesnt write in the registry. You can use it as a free mp3 editor, for mastering or sound design. wavosaur. com/ 64. Ocenaudio is a cross-platform, audio analysis and editing tool supporting VST plugins, Real-time preview of effects, Multi-selection for delicate edits, Efficient editing of large files, full-features spectrogram and more. softpedia. com/get/Multimedia/Audio/Audio-Editors Recorders/ocenaudio. shtml 65. Free Audio Editor is a comprehensive digital audio workstation that lets you record audio, edit audio tracks, apply various effects with support for a wide range of audio formats including MP3, WAC, OGG, WMA, FLAC, MP2, CDA, AIFF, AAC, AC3 etc. It can cut, crop and extract audio from video including YouTube videos (it can download videos too), apply multiple audio effects / filters, reduce noise and more. swifturn. com/audioeditor. html 66. Wave Editor is a fast and simple digital audio editing software for Windows that supports MP3, WMA and WAV. It is useful for making small adjustments to audio files like fade-in/fade-out, normalize, amplify, insert silence etc. wave-editor. com/ 67. Jokosher is a simple and feature rich multi-track studio application for recording, editing, mixing amp; exporting audio with support for Ogg Vorbis, MP3, FLAC, WAV etc. jokosher. rg 68. Free Audio Editor 2012 is a powerful audio recorder and editor with effects, real-time preview, text-to-speech synthesis and more. free-audio-editor. com 69. Soundcloud helps you make and share recordings with a selected audience or just about anyone online. It is an easy-to-use online audio distribution service which facilitates collaboration, promotion and distribution of audio recordings. There are Android and iOS apps available too. http://soundcloud. com Worship Projection Software 70. Exposong is a projection freeware sporting a clean and user-friendly interface and handles he OpenLyrics data format, thereby providing compatibility with alternative open-source lyrics applications. Supports lyrics, alerts, images, timers, set management, library import / export, compatibility with OpenSong amp; SongSelect files, songbook printing etc. No video features yet. Runs on Windows and Ubuntu-Debian. http://exposong. org/ 71. EasySlides can handle 3 monitors, so musicians on stage can have their own screen to follow the lyrics. Supports lyric display in 2 languages for multi-lingual services, video playback including live amera feed integration, chords storage, alerts, searchable Bible, songbook creation and more. Windows only. easyslides. com/ 72. Openlp is a standard and popular freeware with loads of features for managing and displaying songs, Bible verses, images, videos (not video backgrounds though) and alerts. Comes with Bible import from CSV files, CCLI / SongSelect integration, PowerPoint file import and more. It even facilitates linking songs to audio files for use as backing tracks. Openlp is available for Windows, Mac, Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux and FreeBSD. http://openlp. rg/ 73. Datasoul is a cross platform (Windows, Linux and Mac) freeware that supports display of text, images and video, nice formatting options, alerts, video backgrounds (file and live feed) and separate output for the main screen and stage. It can handle lyrics, chords, transposition and even guitar tabs apart from launching PDF, PPT and OpenOffice files. Another cool feature is its ability to export a presentation to PDF. There are also tools available to import PowerPoint and OpenOffice presentations and songs from EasyWorship. http://code. google. com/p/datasoul/ 74.Quelea is a cross platform (Windows and Linux) projection program that can get you started quickly with your song library as it allows importing songs from various sources like the Kingsway online library, survivor songbooks and source songbooks. It? s also compatible with the Zefania Bible format to import a wide variety of Bibles. Supports lyrics, transposition of chords, PowerPoint, Video playback and more. http://quelea. org/ 75. Sing and Read 2 is a Windows only freeware for displaying songs, hymns, Bible passages, notices amp; orders of service with dual monitor output. Its unique feature is using MS-NetMeeting to broadcast a presentation over the Internet. softwareforworship. com/singandread2. htm 76. Songview has most of the standard features like lyrics, chords, Bible, alerts, handling PowerPoint files etc. It can also track song use history for CCLI reporting and display chords for the musicians on stage as a separate output. Songview is also portable and can be installed and run from a USB stick. Windows only. logos-solutions. org. uk/songview. php 77. Zionworx comes with integrated Bibles and a song database, great text formatting options, CCLI ompliance, service list creation, PowerPoint integration and more. It does not handle chords though. Its unique feature is the ability to connect to BibleGateway. com to download and display Bible passages on-the-fly. Windows only. zionworx. org. uk/ 78. OpenSong is a simple program that supports storing of lyrics with chords (including key transposition), searchable Bible, alerts, dual monitors, creation of printable lead sheets etc. However, two disadvantages with OpenSong are its inability to allow slide edits during the slideshow and lack of video playback. OpenSong is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. opensong. org/ 79. Power Worship is an add-on for MS-PowerPoint for those who are still stuck to PowerPoint for some weird reason. It provides a library to create and maintain lyric files. A set-list can be created by selecting songs from the library and on the click of a button, Power Worship will create a PowerPoint presentation for the set-list with user defined backgrounds, fonts etc. Power Worship is available for Windows and Mac. Apart from PowerPoint, there is an OpenOffice version also available. owerworship. com/ 80. Asaph is no longer in active development but the freeware is still available for download through CNET. It can manage song databases, publish song-sheets/booklets and generate presentations for worship. Windows only. http://download. cnet. com/Asaph/3000-2130_4-47058. html 81. Worship Extreme is a powerful church presentation program with support for HD video backgrounds, feature-rich slide editor, Bibles, alerts and more. Windows only. worship-extreme. com/ 82. PowerSong is an easy to learn presentation tool that comes with multiple databases with song ategorization, extensive text formatting, Bible support, real-time song editing, set-list building, alerts and more. Does not support video though. Windows only. powersong. org/ 83. SNAP Projection is a simple program which apart from its regular song management features also works with PowerPoint slides slides created in PowerPoint can be used in SNAP Projection to present them. Allows editing/correcting slides real-time and set management. Windows only. snapprojection. com/ 84. Open Worship is a cross-platform (Windows, Mac OS, Linux) multimedia application for presenting worship lyrics. http://open-worship. et/ Image and Video Backgrounds 85. Motion Share is an online resource that provides videos with creative commons license, meaning all available media content are free to be used as you please. There are motion backgrounds, mini movies, countdowns, film amp; animation and a category called collections a group of videos based on a theme. motionshare. com/ 86. Desktop Nexus has thousands of high quality images neatly arranged under common categories. The site has a good search function too. Only downside is each image has to be downloaded individually as theres no batch select amp; download option. esktopnexus. com 87. Free HD Motion Backgrounds is a YouTube channel that publishes HD quality motion videos that can be used in your favorite projection software. Nice collection here if video is your thing! youtube. com/user/MovingBacksProducts 88. New Life Church Creative website has a section full of stunning video backgrounds that are available for free download. http://creative. newlifechurch. tv/downloads/backgrounds 89. VLADSTUDIO has wallpapers specific to single monitor, 2 or 3 monitor setups, iPhone and iPad. So if you want customized backgrounds for these devices, this is a neat site to visit. Theres no easy search facility though, so youll have to browse the images page by page till you spot what youre looking for. vladstudio. com/wallpapers/ 90. Wallpapr is a simple search engine to find images. Like Vladstudio, wallpapr also provide images customized for iPhone and iPod. http://marcogomes. com/wallpapr/en/ 91. Wallpapers Wide provides wallpapers in a wide variety of resolutions and sizes. The images are of excellent quality and can be searched by keyword or by category. http://wallpaperswide. com 92. Wallbase is another superb site to find and download high quality wallpapers. The site also has a powerful search facility. http://wallbase. cc 93. Open Resources provides sermon audio, countdowns, promotional design graphics, documents and videos (openers, loops etc. ) that can be fit into a broad variety of themes. The content is neatly arranged under categories like Biblical Themes, Family, Finance, Personal Stories, Healing amp; Recovery, Relationships and Youth, thereby facilitating uncomplicated navigation of available material. openresources. org/ 94. Stock Photos for Free is a free database of photos and images from around the world. The free content is available for use even in commercial projects. stockphotosforfree. com/ 95. Free HD Countdowns is just what the name says: a wonderful site to download countdown videos in HD quality for free. The videos can be used at any event, no conditions attached! http://freehdcountdowns. com/ 96. Free Worship Loops is another great site to download beautiful video backgrounds for free. http://freeworshiploops. com/ Worship Planning 97. Praise Tools is a free (for now! ) online resource that helps organize songs, plan worship services each week and easily communicate it all with the team. ttp://praisetools. com/ 98. Service Builder is a free online worship planning software that facilitates you to organize teams, schedule musicians, connect and share with required people efficiently. It helps track attendance, plan songs, build the order of the service and more. It also packs tons of lyrics amp; chord sheets for thousands of worship songs and hymns. http://servicebuilder. net/ 99. Song Suggest is a one-of-a-kind PC app which comes with a database of around 600+ popular worship songs. You can search for songs, lyrics, chords amp; YouTube videos and use the results to build orship set-lists by theme. While the iOS app costs $2. 99, the desktop version is free. http://worshipapps. com/air/ 100. Google+ Hangouts is a useful tool to stay connected with your ministry team even when not physically present at the same place. Hangouts allow you video chat with up to 9 people! Its good enough to even work out new songs over video chat. It has a Hangouts On Air feature, which facilitates broadcast of live events (like your worship session for example) to any number of people. Make sure you enable an audio setting called Studio Mode, which enhances the sound to near CD-quality. ttp://www. google. com/tools/dlpage/res/talkvideo/hangouts/ 101. Service Planning Worksheet is a spreadsheet provided by Chris Gambill at JourneyofWorship, which helps plan worship services ahead of time and organize service elements like topics, songs, videos, readings etc. It is also available as a PDF document. Alternate download link: http://bit. ly/Si7IPr 102. Planning Center Online offers a free option too with most of the necessary features intact. PLO facilitates planning amp; organizing every aspect of the service in one place including times, people, songs, media, notes amp; ttachments and more. https://www. planningcenteronline. com/signup/free 103. PraiseBase is a database application for worship teams. It provides an interface to track your songs, sets amp; team members and provides a publishing feature to facilitate the creation of an intranet website to share service details with the team. praisebase. com/ 104. Google Drive is not exactly meant to be a worship planning tool, but it can easily be used for this purpose. Plan the worship service in a spreadsheet, upload media files, invite team members to collaborate and share everything seamlessly. Separate each service by creating individual folders for each of them and you have a well maintained, free, cloud based worship planning eco-system. Google Drive? s Android app is simply the icing on the cake! https://drive. google. com 105. Lifeway Worship offers a free online worship planning tool too. lifewayworship. com/worshipPlan/start 106. BOX like Google Drive, can also double up as an effective worship planning tool. You can use it to plan services, track people, assign tasks, review activity, share media and other files, integrate Google docs, stay connected and up-to-date on everything. ttps://www. box. com 107. Guidebook for Fantastic Worship Rehearsals is a free ebook by Rob Rash that is full of practical tips and suggestions for effective worship team rehearsals. http://robrash. us/guidebook/ Worship Magazines 108. Worship Musician! is a bi-monthly resource devoted to equipping congregations and individuals as they seek to lead a life of Christ-centered worship. The digital editions are available for free. scribd. com/doc/92863896/Worship-Musician-Magazine-MayJun-2012 109. Technologies for Worship Magazine (TWFM) is a magazine specifically designed to meet the technical eeds of your church. The digital edition is free. https://www. tfwm. com/intdigmagsub 110. Integrity Digital Magazine is a free digital worship magazine published by Kingsway and Integrity Hosanna. integritydigitalmagazine. com/ 111. All About Worship Digital Magazine is a monthly digital magazine available as a PDF download. Contains artist interviews, devotionals, reviews, articles and more. http://allaboutworship. com/magazine/ 112. Sunday Magazine is an online magazine aimed more at creatives, but it does contain articles on topics related to worship too. ttp://www. sundaymag. tv/ About the Author Gangai Victor is a worship leader, trainer, songwriter, technology enthusiast and founder of the blog, Votive Praise, a resource for worshipers and worship leaders. His blog has been featured on Worship Leader magazine and Worship Ministry Catalyst as a top online resource for worship ministry. Gangai also contributes content for Church Mag and Faith Village. Gangai lives in Chennai, India with his family. Blog: www. votivepraise. com Twitter: @votivepraise Google+: http://goo. gl/zSOIK Document Outline TOC

The History of Aluminum and Charles Martin Hall

The History of Aluminum and Charles Martin Hall Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earths crust, but it is always found in a compound rather than an easily-refined ore. Alum is one such compound. Scientists tried to tease the metal out of alum, but the process was costly until Charles Martin Hall patented an inexpensive method to produce aluminum in 1889. History of Aluminum Production Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, was the first to produce tiny amounts of aluminum in 1825, German chemist Friedrich Wà ¶hler developed a method that produced enough to study the metals basic properties in 1845. French chemist  Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville finally developed a process that allowed commercial production of aluminum. However, the resulting metal still sold for $40 per kilogram in 1859. Pure aluminum was so rare at that time it was considered a precious metal.   Charles Martin Hall Discovers the Secret of Cheap Aluminum Production On April 2, 1889, Charles Martin Hall patented an inexpensive method for the production of aluminum, which brought the metal into wide commercial use. Charles Martin Hall had just graduated from Oberlin College (located in Oberlin, Ohio) in 1885 with a bachelors degree in chemistry  when he invented his method of manufacturing pure aluminum. Charles Martin Halls method of processing the metal ore was to pass an electric current through a non-metallic conductor (molten sodium fluoride compound was used) to separate the very conductive aluminum. In 1889, Charles Martin Hull was awarded U.S. patent number 400,666 for his process. His patent conflicted with that of Paul L.T. Heroult who arrived at the same process independently at practically the same time. Hall had enough evidence of the date of his discovery that the United States patent was award to him rather than Heroult. In 1888, together with financier Alfred E. Hunt, Charles Martin Hall founded the Pittsburgh Reduction Company now known as the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA). By 1914, Charles Martin Hall had brought the cost of aluminum down to 18 cents a pound, and it was no longer considered a precious metal. His discovery made him a wealthy man. Hall obtained several more patents to improve the production of aluminum. He received the Perkin Medal in 1911 for outstanding achievement in applied chemistry. He was on the Board of Trustees for Oberlin College and left them $10 million for their endowment when he died in 1914. Aluminum from Bauxite Ore One other inventor needs to be noted, Karl Joseph Bayer, an Austrian chemist, developed a new process in 1888 that could cheaply obtain aluminum oxide from bauxite. Bauxite is an ore that contains a large amount of aluminum hydroxide (Al2O3 ·3H2O), along with other compounds. The Hall-Hà ©roult and Bayer methods are still used today to produce nearly all of the worlds aluminum. Aluminum Foil Metal foil has been around for centuries. Foil is solid metal that has been reduced to leaf-like thinness by beating or rolling. The first mass-produced and widely used foil was made from tin. Tin was later replaced by aluminum in 1910, when the first aluminum foil rolling plant â€Å"Dr. Lauber, Neher Cie., Emmishofen.† was opened in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. The plant, owned by J.G. Neher Sons (aluminum manufacturers) started in 1886 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, at the foot of the Rhine Falls - capturing the falls’ energy to produce aluminum. Nehers sons together with Dr. Lauber discovered the endless rolling process and the use of aluminum foil as a protective barrier. From there began the wide use of aluminum foil in the packaging of chocolate bars and tobacco products. Processes evolved to include the use of print, color, lacquer, laminate and the embossing of the aluminum.

Qualitative Comparison Comparing the Political Systems of China and Research Paper

Qualitative Comparison Comparing the Political Systems of China and Russia - Research Paper Example The trends that have made China to overcome Russia, but are debatable. Political Factors China has systematically emerged as a world power majorly due to the political organization of China’s communist Party’s, whose policies have brought economic and social change with tremendous growth. Consequently, the private sector has expanded due to political and legal protection of the political class. The party has integrated itself with the private sector, with a good section of the entrepreneurs being members of the China Communist Party. Most of them were members of the party before going into business and some were allowed to join the party because of their business success. The Chinese capitalists have remained loyal to the China’s Communist Party and have not agitated for any change. Many businesses attribute their success to the policies of the party and its support. The party has promoted their business interests, leading to economic power and the economic wealt h being harmonized. The party has therefore survived and inspired national pride and increased its influence around the world (Naugton). The party has tried to balance economic growth and social economy. This has led to raised rural living standards. The state has provided income subsidies and eliminated tax on gain. The party has also tried to deal with poverty as a way of creating a harmonious society. The party has continued to reinvent itself over time beginning by being a social progressive party, to totalitarian tyranny, to developmental dictatorship. Today it protects private property and showing interest in representing the entire population. The party still has some weaknesses by choosing elites leaders and being harsh protestors. It has continued to enjoy the support of the majority in society due the perception that it promotes industrialization, economic growth political stability and social mobility (Dicks) Russia is on the other hand having moved from communism to demo cracy has faced many challenges leaving it unconsolidated democracy and almost becoming autocratic. The systems within the party are dominated by executives and the legislature. It has been a democracy in which the state control the media heavily and with civil society and non-governmental organization heavily muzzled. However, Russia is still considered freer that during the Soviet Union, despite people not being free to express themselves or to read what they would wish in the press. The security instruments were used to punish all the perceived threats and to restrict their freedom. The murder of journalists who covered the conflict between the state and the society brought to the fore the level of human rights abuse (Ghania). The quality of democracy in Russia has been low economy growth has been impeded by corruption, crime rates, diseases poor healthcare. Russia is generally lacking modern infrastructure and rule of Law. It has widespread corruption and poverty. All these got worse under Putin’s rule. These rivalry between government and business as government tried to take over valuable companies and accuses business leaders of tax evasion. This trend led to falling of stock prices. This perceived government intimidation and rough treatment leading to many businesspersons being scared, resulting in stagnation (Dicks). Economic factors The economic trends that may

Chapter 2+3 of my dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Chapter 2+3 of my dissertation - Essay Example Also, there will be a discussion about the difference between a true follower of a religion and someone who is trying to be more practical, the possibility of applying someone’s religion in another country with a different religion, and the difference between Hindus and Muslims in their beliefs as they are portrayed in the text. Also the Hindu portrayal of God and how that has changed throughout history needs to be explored in The Circle of Reason. instability created in the frontier regions as a result of independence generates the background in this book. The history of India especially after the partition with Pakistan and how the Indians characters in the novel show their nationalism differently are the backbone of this novel. Since religion and nationalism are meshed throughout the story, both will be examined in this chapter. In the end, this chapter will prove that Amitav Ghosh in The Circle of Reason portrays people in realistic situations of colonial/postcolonial India. Even though these characters were placed in unfamiliar situations to readers not from India, Ghosh relates their lives in a humanistic way. Every reader can understand the frailty of human personality from this novel through something familiar to all; religion and nationalism. The Circle of Reason starts with the arrival of a child to a childless couple. A man of reason, Balaram, lost an estranged brother, only to gain his nephew. Balaram studied phrenology, or the studying of skull shape to determine personality traits. Since his nephew’s head was shaped like a potato, Balaram called him Alu. Balaram and another man, Bhudeb Roy, lived in the same village on a border town, until a feud arose between the two men. Religion and nationalism is the undercurrent of a story that deals with superstition and reason. Bhudeb Roy deals in superstition for personal gain, whereas Balaram believes in reason. Various religions are weaved into

The Honor Code by Kwame Anthony Appiah Term Paper

The Honor Code by Kwame Anthony Appiah - Term Paper Example But in contrast to the emotions of love and hatred, which just changes the relationship between two individuals, honor has the capability to ignite revolutions and change the face of society altogether. Through the ages, honor has been a driving force for change. Immoral customs have prevailed through generations, even though they faced opposition from morality, reason or religion. But when honor was brought into the equation, these practices were completely eradicated. This is the topic that Kwame Anthony Appiah, one of the most renowned philosophical writers of today, chose in his book ‘The Honor Code’. In his book, he portrays 3 such immoral customs in grim detail and shows how they were considered to be a status symbol in society. This concept of honor inspires people to act, sometimes in ways we find laudable and other times in ways we abhor. In his book, Appiah take 3 such examples and explains in each case how honor started a revolution that was ultimately the cau se of abolishment of immoral acts. The first example took place in Britain. For centuries gentlemen belonging to the aristocratic society of the Great Britain used to settle their difference by duelling to death. Appiah recounts one of the most well known duels in the British history, that which took place between the Duke of Wellington and the Earl of Winchilsea in 1829. He describes how duelling was as customary in the aristocratic British society, as having tea. In those days, fighting to death was the easiest way to determine which individual out of the two was telling the truth. When this custom started descending into the lives of the common man, that was the time when the aristocratic high society British started finding this act a little too abhorrent to keep practicing. The second example that Appiah describes in detail is the fast-forming social consensus against slavery that gave birth to a moral revolution across the British Empire, ultimately abolishing slavery for good . The third example of how honor gives birth to a moral revolution is shown in the foot-binding custom that was carried out in China for centuries. This is the particular example from The Honor Code that has been discussed in detail in this paper. The customary practice of foot-binding was carried out through centuries in China. This practice had most probably originated in the early Song dynasty and was adopted by the elite households of China. Little girls were made to bind their feet so tight that it would permanently damage their structure and cease growth. There were many reasons for this practice, but the most prominent one was that feet bound women represented the elite class of the society who were completely free from manual labour. This elite social status was not only enjoyed by women, but also uplifted the status of their men who could afford women who did not have to work and solely existed to serve their men and direct the household activities. The women took great pri de in their feet which had achieved the desired ‘lotus shape’. This shape was the result of brutally binding the feet in such a fashion that it practically broke the bones of the toes and the arch of the foot and shrunk it down to size that was just 7-9 centimetres from the toes to the heel. As mentioned earlier, women with bound feet only belonged to the elite class of the Chinese society. They would use expensive silk wrappings and embroidered silk slippers to cover their feet. For the men, having a wife who had ‘Lotus feet’

Obesity in African American Culture Essay Example for Free

Obesity in African American Culture Essay Obesity has more that just a physical effect on the body. Obesity also greatly affects the mental and emotional part of the body as well. Although you cannot directly correlate metal and emotional health to obesity, you can see that its effects do in fact play a role in the mental and emotional health of an obese person. While the effects of obesity do indeed reach out to all races, it is easy to see that mental and emotional problems from obesity in the African American culture are present in the culture. Depression, anxiety, and discrimination, are all results that are caused by obesity in the African American community. Many people are familiar with depression, whether it be a friend or family member that went through it or that they themselves went though it. â€Å"Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can have a negative effect on a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings, world view and physical well-being† (Salmans 1997). African American obesity has a close tie with depression in African American people. When people are self-conscious about their weight they may think that people look down on them for this. This would cause them to think less of themselves or believe that others are better then them. In turn it can cause the obese African American to have a bad view of themselves, other people, and the world in general. This is exactly what depression is. You can see that depression can be caused by obesity in the African American culture. Anxiety is another emotional distress many people are familiar with. Anxiety is know as, â€Å"the displeasing feeling of fear and concern† (Davison 2008). Many people have felt the effects of anxiety in their own lives, whether it is before an important test, a speech in front of many people, or the big gam; many people feel anxiety. Looking only at anxiety caused by obesity in African American people is a different situation. Anxiety or nervousness before a big event is common and in many ways healthy because it motivates us to do the very best we can. Anxiety in African Americans because of obesity is not healthy; in fact it can be dangerous and destructive. By feeling displeased and concerned about their weight African Americans can struggle all through out life to over come these feelings. It could limit their goals and overall make them settle for less then they really can do. Anxiety do to obesity in the African American community is not a healthy and can severely constrain someone’s life. Discrimination in the African American community has always been a problem through out history. Slavery is a very obvious product of discrimination. Taking a more specific look at discrimination of the African American community because of obesity is a different situation. When people discriminate African Americans because of their weight it seriously prohibits their chances of succeeding in life. It could be in the work place or at school. By placing these barriers we are limiting the ability of the African American community and hurting their chances of having a successful and meaningful life. These mental and emotional effects of obesity in the African American community are unfair and wrong. People should not be judged on their weight. Davison, Gerald C. (2008). Abnormal Psychology. Toronto: Veronica Visentin. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-470-84072-6. Salmans, Sandra (1997). Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need. Peoples Medical Society. ISBN 978-1-882606-14-6.